The biological predisposition to PTSD is best described as

The biological predisposition to PTSD is best described as

• A. It is the product of poor coping strategies or weak social supports
• B. It results from continuous repression of unpleasant thoughts
• C. It can be either inherited genetically or acquired in childhood
• D. It is a combination of equifinality and multifinality

Answer: (B)

Biological predisposition to PTSD involves inherited and early developmental factors that shape how the brain and stress systems respond to trauma. The best description is that vulnerability can be inherited genetically or shaped by experiences in childhood, which can alter neural circuits involved in fear, memory, and the stress response. Genetic influences and gene–environment interactions, along with early adversity that can produce lasting neurobiological changes, help explain why some individuals are more likely to develop PTSD after trauma. The other ideas point to nonbiological factors: repression of unpleasant thoughts is a psychodynamic defense, and poor coping or weak social supports are psychosocial risk factors; equifinality and multifinality describe developmental pathways rather than the biology of predisposition.

Biological predisposition to PTSD involves inherited and early developmental factors that shape how the brain and stress systems respond to trauma. The best description is that vulnerability can be inherited genetically or shaped by experiences in childhood, which can alter neural circuits involved in fear, memory, and the stress response. Genetic influences and gene–environment interactions, along with early adversity that can produce lasting neurobiological changes, help explain why some individuals are more likely to develop PTSD after trauma. The other ideas point to nonbiological factors: repression of unpleasant thoughts is a psychodynamic defense, and poor coping or weak social supports are psychosocial risk factors; equifinality and multifinality describe developmental pathways rather than the biology of predisposition.